Exercise, Diet, and Weight Management During Cancer Treatment: ASCO Guideline

1. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, et al: Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 348:16251638, 2003 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 2. Dobbins M, Decorby K, Choi BC: The association between obesity and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies from 1985 to 2011. ISRN Prev Med 2013:680536, 2013 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 3. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research: Diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer: A global perspective. dietandcancerreport.org, Continuous Update Project Report 2018 Google Scholar 4. Chan DSM, Vieira AR, Aune D, et al: Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol 25:19011914, 2014 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 5. Castillo JJ, Reagan JL, Ingham RR, et al: Obesity but not overweight increases the incidence and mortality of leukemia in adults: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Leuk Res 36:868875, 2012 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 6. Protani MM, Nagle CM, Webb PM: Obesity and ovarian cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 5:901910, 2012 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 7. Friedenreich CM, Stone CR, Cheung WY, et al: Physical activity and mortality in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr 4:pkz080, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 8. Stout NL, Baima J, Swisher AK, et al: A systematic review of exercise systematic reviews in the cancer literature (2005-2017). PM R 9:S347S384, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 9. Segal R, Zwaal C, Green E, et al: Exercise for people with cancer: A systematic review. Curr Oncol 24:e290e315, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 10. Knips L, Bergenthal N, Streckmann F, et al: Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD009075, 2019 Medline, Google Scholar 11. Rock CL, Doyle C, Demark-Wahnefried W, et al: Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J Clin 62:243274, 2012 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 12. Campbell KL, Winters-Stone KM, Wiskemann J, et al: Exercise guidelines for cancer survivors: Consensus statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable. Med Sci Sports Exerc 51:23752390, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 13. US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (ed 9), 2020. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ Google Scholar 14. Shiffman RN, Michel G, Rosenfeld RM, et al: Building better guidelines with BRIDGE-Wiz: Development and evaluation of a software assistant to promote clarity, transparency, and implementability. J Am Med Inform Assoc 19:94101, 2012 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 15. Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (eds): Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (ed 2). Chichester, United Kingdom, Wiley, 2019 Crossref, Google Scholar 16. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, et al: GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 64:401406, 2011 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 17. Abo S, Denehy L, Ritchie D, et al: People with hematological malignancies treated with bone marrow transplantation have improved function, quality of life and fatigue following exercise intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther 101:pzab130, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 18. Bigaran A, Zopf E, Gardner J, et al: The effect of exercise training on cardiometabolic health in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 24:3548, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 19. Bjørke ACH, Sweegers MG, Buffart LM, et al: Which exercise prescriptions optimize V̇O(2) max during cancer treatment?—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 29:12741287, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 20. Bland KA, Zadravec K, Landry T, et al: Impact of exercise on chemotherapy completion rate: A systematic review of the evidence and recommendations for future exercise oncology research. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 136:7985, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 21. Campbell KL, Zadravec K, Bland KA, et al: The effect of exercise on cancer-related cognitive impairment and applications for physical therapy: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther 100:523542, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 22. Cavalheri V, Burtin C, Formico VR, et al: Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD009955, 2019 Medline, Google Scholar 23. Cave J, Paschalis A, Huang CY, et al: A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise during cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment. Support Care Cancer 26:33373351, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 24. Chen Z, Zhang Y, Lu C, et al: Supervised physical training enhances muscle strength but not muscle mass in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 10:843, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 25. Daniels SL, Lee MJ, George J, et al: Prehabilitation in elective abdominal cancer surgery in older patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BJS Open 4:10221041, 2020 Crossref, Google Scholar 26. Ehlers DK, DuBois K, Salerno EA: The effects of exercise on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients during primary treatment: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 20:865877, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 27. Heywood R, McCarthy AL, Skinner TL: Safety and feasibility of exercise interventions in patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review. Support Care Cancer 25:30313050, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 28. Heywood R, McCarthy AL, Skinner TL: Efficacy of exercise interventions in patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99:25952620, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 29. Hilfiker R, Meichtry A, Eicher M, et al: Exercise and other non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients during or after cancer treatment: A systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparisons meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 52:651658, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 30. Himbert C, Klossner N, Coletta AM, et al: Exercise and lung cancer surgery: A systematic review of randomized-controlled trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 156:103086, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 31. Horgan S, O’Donovan A: The impact of exercise during radiation therapy for prostate cancer on fatigue and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 49:207219, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 32. Juvet LK, Thune I, Elvsaas I, et al: The effect of exercise on fatigue and physical functioning in breast cancer patients during and after treatment and at 6 months follow-up: A meta-analysis. Breast 33:166177, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 33. Kreutz C, Schmidt ME, Steindorf K: Effects of physical and mind-body exercise on sleep problems during and after breast cancer treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 176:115, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 34. Lee J: Physiologic and psychologic adaptation to exercise interventions in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Support Care Cancer 29:28632873, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 35. Li X, Li S, Yan S, et al: Impact of preoperative exercise therapy on surgical outcomes in lung cancer patients with or without COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 11:17651777, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 36. Lipsett A, Barrett S, Haruna F, et al: The impact of exercise during adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer on fatigue and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast 32:144155, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 37. Lopez P, Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, et al: Resistance training in breast cancer patients undergoing primary treatment: A systematic review and meta-regression of exercise dosage. Breast Cancer 28:1624, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 38. Lopez P, Taaffe DR, Newton RU, et al: Resistance exercise dosage in men with prostate cancer: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 53:459469, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 39. Lund CM, Dolin TG, Mikkelsen MK, et al: Effect of exercise on physical function and psychological well-being in older patients with colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy—A systematic review. Clin Colorectal Cancer 19:e243e257, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 40. Maginador G, Lixandrão ME, Bortolozo HI, et al: Aerobic exercise-induced changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel) 12:2240, 2020 Crossref, Google Scholar 41. Mikkelsen MK, Juhl CB, Lund CM, et al: The effect of exercise-based interventions on health-related quality of life and physical function in older patients with cancer receiving medical antineoplastic treatments: A systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 17:18, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 42. Nadler MB, Desnoyers A, Langelier DM, et al: The effect of exercise on quality of life, fatigue, physical function, and safety in advanced solid tumor cancers: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. J Pain Symptom Manage 58:899908.e7, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 43. Oberoi S, Robinson PD, Cataudella D, et al: Physical activity reduces fatigue in patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 122:5259, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 44. Peddle-McIntyre CJ, Singh F, Thomas R, et al: Exercise training for advanced lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD012685, 2019 Medline, Google Scholar 45. Rosero ID, Ramírez-Vélez R, Lucia A, et al: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials on preoperative physical exercise interventions in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel) 11:944, 2019 Crossref, Google Scholar 46. Scott JM, Zabor EC, Schwitzer E, et al: Efficacy of exercise therapy on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 36:22972305, 2018 Link, Google Scholar 47. Singh B, Hayes SC, Spence RR, et al: Exercise and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise safety, feasibility and effectiveness. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 17:122, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 48. Singh B, Spence R, Steele ML, et al: Exercise for individuals with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events, feasibility, and effectiveness. Semin Oncol Nurs 36:151076, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 49. Singh B, Spence RR, Steele ML, et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety, feasibility, and effect of exercise in women with stage II+ breast cancer. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99:26212636, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 50. Sweegers MG, Altenburg TM, Chinapaw MJ, et al: Which exercise prescriptions improve quality of life and physical function in patients with cancer during and following treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 52:505513, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 51. Takemura N, Chan SL, Smith R, et al: The effects of physical activity on overall survival among advanced cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 21:242, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 52. Waterland JL, McCourt O, Edbrooke L, et al: Efficacy of prehabilitation including exercise on postoperative outcomes following abdominal cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Surg 8:628848, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 53. Weller S, Hart NH, Bolam KA, et al: Exercise for individuals with bone metastases: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 166:103433, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 54. Ying M, Zhao R, Jiang D, et al: Lifestyle interventions to alleviate side effects on prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A meta-analysis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 48:827834, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 55. Yunfeng G, Weiyang H, Xueyang H, et al: Exercise overcome adverse effects among prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy: An update meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 96:e7368, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 56. Baguley BJ, Skinner TL, Wright ORL: Nutrition therapy for the management of cancer-related fatigue and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 122:527541, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 57. Ball S, Brown TJ, Das A, et al: Effect of neutropenic diet on infection rates in cancer patients with neutropenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Oncol 42:270274, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 58. Conigliaro T, Boyce LM, Lopez CA, et al: Food intake during cancer therapy: A systematic review. Am J Clin Oncol 43:813819, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 59. de van der Schueren MAE, Laviano A, Blanchard H, et al: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for oral nutritional intervention on nutritional and clinical outcomes during chemo(radio)therapy: Current evidence and guidance for design of future trials. Ann Oncol 29:11411153, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 60. Lawrie TA, Green JT, Beresford M, et al: Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD012529, 2018 Medline, Google Scholar 61. Ramamoorthy V, Rubens M, Appunni S, et al: Lack of efficacy of the neutropenic diet in decreasing infections among cancer patients: A systematic review. Nutr Cancer 72:11251134, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 62. Shingler E, Perry R, Mitchell A, et al: Dietary restriction during the treatment of cancer: Results of a systematic scoping review. BMC Cancer 19:811, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 63. Sonbol MB, Jain T, Firwana B, et al: Neutropenic diets to prevent cancer infections: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Support Palliat Care 9:425433, 2019 Medline, Google Scholar 64. Yang YF, Mattamel PB, Joseph T, et al: Efficacy of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet as an adjuvant cancer therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 13:1388, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 65. Thomson ZO, Reeves MM: Can weight gain be prevented in women receiving treatment for breast cancer? A systematic review of intervention studies. Obes Rev 18:13641373, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 66. An KY, Morielli AR, Kang DW, et al: Effects of exercise dose and type during breast cancer chemotherapy on longer-term patient-reported outcomes and health-related fitness: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Cancer 146:150160, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 67. CeŠeiko R, Thomsen SN, Tomsone S, et al: Heavy resistance training in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant therapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 52:12391247, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 68. Demmelmaier I, Brooke HL, Henriksson A, et al: Does exercise intensity matter for fatigue during (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment? The Phys-Can randomized clinical trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 31:11441159, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 69. Gokal K, Munir F, Ahmed S, et al: Does walking protect against decline in cognitive functioning among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy? Results from a small randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 13:e0206874, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 70. Heiman J, Onerup A, Wessman C, et al: Recovery after breast cancer surgery following recommended pre and postoperative physical activity: (PhysSURG-B) randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg 108:3239, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 71. Huang HP, Wen FH, Yang TY, et al: The effect of a 12-week home-based walking program on reducing fatigue in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled study. Int J Nurs Stud 99:103376, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 72. Jacot W, Arnaud A, Jarlier M, et al: Brief hospital supervision of exercise and diet during adjuvant breast cancer therapy is not enough to relieve fatigue: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Nutrients 12:3081, 2020 Crossref, Google Scholar 73. Mijwel S, Backman M, Bolam KA, et al: Adding high-intensity interval training to conventional training modalities: Optimizing health-related outcomes during chemotherapy for breast cancer: The OptiTrain randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 168:7993, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 74. Newton RU, Galvão DA, Spry N, et al: Timing of exercise for muscle strength and physical function in men initiating ADT for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 23:457464, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 75. Özdemir İA, Comba C, Demirayak G, et al: Impact of pre-operative walking on post-operative bowel function in patients with gynecologic cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 29:13111316, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 76. Samuel SR, Maiya AG, Fernandes DJ, et al: Effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients receiving chemo-radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer 27:39133920, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 77. Wiggenraad F, Bolam KA, Mijwel S, et al: Long-term favorable effects of physical exercise on burdensome symptoms in the OptiTrain breast cancer randomized controlled trial. Integr Cancer Ther 19:1534735420905003, 2020 Crossref, Google Scholar 78. Loh KP, Kleckner IR, Lin PJ, et al: Effects of a home-based exercise program on anxiety and mood disturbances in older adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:10051011, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 79. Abdollahi R, Najafi S, Razmpoosh E, et al: The effect of dietary intervention along with nutritional education on reducing the gastrointestinal side effects caused by chemotherapy among women with breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 71:922930, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 80. Augustus E, Granderson I, Rocke KD: The impact of a ketogenic dietary intervention on the quality of life of stage II and III cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial in the Caribbean. Nutr Cancer 73:15901600, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 81. Carayol M, Ninot G, Senesse P, et al: Short- and long-term impact of adapted physical activity and diet counseling during adjuvant breast cancer therapy: The “APAD1” randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 19:737, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 82. de Groot S, Lugtenberg RT, Cohen D, et al: Fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the multicentre randomized phase 2 DIRECT trial. Nat Commun 11:3083, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 83. Forslund M, Ottenblad A, Ginman C, et al: Effects of a nutrition intervention on acute and late bowel symptoms and health-related quality of life up to 24 months post radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer: A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 28:33313342, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 84. Khodabakhshi A, Akbari ME, Mirzaei HR, et al: Effects of ketogenic metabolic therapy on patients with breast cancer: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 40:751758, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 85. Khodabakhshi A, Seyfried TN, Kalamian M, et al: Does a ketogenic diet have beneficial effects on quality of life, physical activity or biomarkers in patients with breast cancer: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutr J 19:87, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 86. Lugtenberg RT, de Groot S, Kaptein AA, et al: Quality of life and illness perceptions in patients with breast cancer using a fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the phase 2 DIRECT (BOOG 2013-14) trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 185:741758, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 87. Najafi S, Haghighat S, Raji Lahiji M, et al: Randomized study of the effect of dietary counseling during adjuvant chemotherapy on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 71:575584, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 88. Voss M, Wagner M, von Mettenheim N, et al: ERGO2: A prospective, randomized trial of calorie-restricted ketogenic diet and fasting in addition to reirradiation for malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 108:987995, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 89. Mohamad H, Ntessalen M, Craig LCA, et al: A self-help diet and physical activity intervention with dietetic support for weight management in men treated for prostate cancer: Pilot study of the Prostate Cancer Weight Management (PRO-MAN) randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 122:592600, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 90. Harvie M, Pegington M, McMullan D, et al: The effectiveness of home versus community-based weight control programmes initiated soon after breast cancer diagnosis: A randomised controlled trial. Br J Cancer 121:443454, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 91. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al: Development of AMSTAR: A measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 7:10, 2007 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 92. Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Mackey JR, et al: Effects of exercise dose and type on sleep quality in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A multicenter randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 144:361369, 2014 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 93. Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Mackey JR, et al: Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 25:43964404, 2007 Link, Google Scholar 94. van Waart H, Stuiver MM, van Harten WH, et al: Effect of low-intensity physical activity and moderate- to high-intensity physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on physical fitness, fatigue, and chemotherapy completion rates: Results of the PACES randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 33:19181927, 2015 Link, Google Scholar 95. Ligibel JA, Pierce LJ, Bender CM, et al: Attention to diet, exercise, and weight in the oncology care: Results of an American Society of Clinical Oncology national patient survey. Cancer 10.1002/cncr.34231 [epub ahead of print on April 20, 2022] Google Scholar 96. Fisher A, Williams K, Beeken R, et al: Recall of physical activity advice was associated with higher levels of physical activity in colorectal cancer patients. BMJ Open 5:e006853, 2015 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 97. Covington KR, Marshall T, Campbell G, et al: Development of the exercise in cancer evaluation and decision support (EXCEEDS) algorithm. Support Care Cancer 29:64696480, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 98. Schmitz KH, Campbell AM, Stuiver MM, et al: Exercise is medicine in oncology: Engaging clinicians to help patients move through cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 69:468484, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 99. Wedlake L, Shaw C, McNair H, et al: Randomized controlled trial of dietary fiber for the prevention of radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity during pelvic radiotherapy. Am J Clin Nutr 106:849857, 2017 Medline, Google Scholar 100. US Food and Drug Administration: Food safety at home. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/food-safety-home Google Scholar 101. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Four steps to food safety: Clean, separate, cook, chill. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/keep-food-safe.html Google Scholar 102. Gardner A, Mattiuzzi G, Faderl S, et al: Randomized comparison of cooked and noncooked diets in patients undergoing remission induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 26:56845688, 2008 Link, Google Scholar 103. Caprara G, Tieri M, Fabi A, et al: Results of the ECHO (Eating habits CHanges in Oncologic patients) survey: An Italian cross-sectional multicentric study to explore dietary changes and dietary supplement use, in breast cancer survivors. Front Oncol 11:705927, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 104. Pedersini R, di Mauro P, Bosio S, et al: Changes in eating habits and food preferences in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Sci Rep 11:12975, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 105. Tan SY, Wong HY, Vardy JL: Do cancer survivors change their diet after cancer diagnosis? Support Care Cancer 29:69216927, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 106. National Comprehensive Cancer Network: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Survivorship. https://www.nccn.org/ Google Scholar 107. De Lazzari N, Niels T, Tewes M, et al: A systematic review of the safety, feasibility and benefits of exercise for patients with advanced cancer. Cancers (Basel) 13:4478, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 108. Campbell KL, Cormie P, Weller S, et al: Exercise recommendation for people with bone metastases: Expert consensus for health care providers and exercise professionals. JCO Oncol Pract 10.1200/OP.21.00454 [epub ahead of print on January 6, 2022] Google Scholar 109. Patel MI, Lopez AM, Blackstock W, et al: Cancer disparities and health equity: A policy statement from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 38:34393448, 2020 Link, Google Scholar 110. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans 2019-2021, 2019. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/cancer-facts-figures-for-african-americans.html Google Scholar 111. Mead H, Cartwright-Smith L, Jones K, et al: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Health Care: A Chartbook. New York, NY, The Commonwealth Fund, 2008 Google Scholar 112. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, et al: SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2013. Bethesda, MD, National Cancer Institute, 2016 Google Scholar 113. Oates GR, Jackson BE, Partridge EE, et al: Sociodemographic patterns of chronic disease: How the mid-south region compares to the rest of the country. Am J Prev Med 52:S31S39, 2017 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 114. Shaikh H, Bradhurst P, Ma LX, et al: Body weight management in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD012110, 2020 Medline, Google Scholar 115. Parsons JK, Zahrieh D, Mohler JL, et al: Effect of a behavioral intervention to increase vegetable consumption on cancer progression among men with early-stage prostate cancer: The MEAL randomized clinical trial. JAMA 323:140148, 2020 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 116. Elshahat S, Treanor C, Donnelly M: Factors influencing physical activity participation among people living with or beyond cancer: A systematic scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 18:50, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 117. Keaver L, McGough AM, Du M, et al: Self-reported changes and perceived barriers to healthy eating and physical activity among global breast cancer survivors: Results from an exploratory online novel survey. J Acad Nutr Diet 121:233241.e8, 2021 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 118. Ligibel JA, Jones LW, Brewster AM, et al: Oncologists’ attitudes and practice of addressing diet, physical activity, and weight management with patients with cancer: Findings of an ASCO survey of the oncology workforce. J Oncol Pract 15:e520e528, 2019 Link, Google Scholar 119. Thomas CA, Hirschorn AM, Tomkins JE, et al: New landscape: Physician compensation. JCO Oncol Pract 17:186189, 2021 Abstract, Google Scholar 120. Alfano CM, Leach CR, Smith TG, et al: Equitably improving outcomes for cancer survivors and supporting caregivers: A blueprint for care delivery, research, education, and policy. CA Cancer J Clin 69:3549, 2019 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 121. Rohan EA, Miller N, Bonner F III, et al: Comprehensive cancer control: Promoting survivor health and wellness. Cancer Causes Control 29:12771285, 2018 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 122. Ferrell BR, Temel JS, Temin S, et al: Integration of palliative care into standard oncology care: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 35:96112, 2017 Link, Google Scholar 123. Gilligan T, Coyle N, Frankel RM, et al: Patient-clinician communication: American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus guideline. J Clin Oncol 35:36183632, 2017 Link, Google Scholar

link

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *